Contemporary Human Resourse Management Research Essay - 1

Contemporary Human Resourse Management Research - Essay Example The HRM balances the needs of the organization with the realities of the internal and the external environment (Docstoc, n.d.). These have to be aligned with the strategic goals of the organization. Thus, the HR specialists have a critical role in formulating the policies as the external business environment changes. Elements of the external environment The external environment or the macro-environment, in which an industry operates, is beyond the control of the organization. These elements exist outside the boundary of the organization but they have significant influence over the growth and development of the organization. The external environment comprises of the demographics, political, social, economical, technological, environmental and legal environment, in addition to the competition in the industry in which the firm operates. All of these impact organizational performance and the HR policies too could contribute in enhancing performance. However, not all external factors chan ge during a single planning period. There may be high levels of uncertainty in certain factors and these may need to be dealt with separately. The organization has to amend its policies and structure to cope with the changing business environment. ... In the auto industry the age, skills and education impact the availability of human resources. Besides, as the older employees retire and the availability of human resources is becoming scarce in the UK and the US, the automobile organizations have adopted the flexible approach. Since flexible working has caught up in the industry Volkswagen has responded by allowing its full and part-time employees flextime, job sharing, and telecommuting (Roney, 2007). As employees phase into retirement the organization gives its retirees work opportunities. They are offered part-time work, temporary assignments in consulting as well as telecommuting in addition to part-time work. Toyota too recognizes that an organization has to be flexible enough to adjust to changes specially the changes demanded as a result of fluctuations in demand (TMUK, n.d.). They thus work together in cooperation with all members of the organization to achieve maximum efficiency. To cope with the external challenges and th e demographic changes, Toyota also implements mobility of members between work roles which helps in maximizing the utilization of the company’s resources and facilities. The flexible approach is applicable even to those that do not normally work on the production line or in ancillary areas. Training is an area which helps maintain and improve both member and organizational performance. Training is thus directed in improving skills to meet the job requirements. On-the-job training enables the members to acquire different skills which help in movement and rotation within responsibilities. Declining birth rates and the retirement of the older generation is leaving

Planning (Local Development Framework) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Planning (Local Development Framework) - Essay Example The local development plan will consist of several Development Plan Documents (DPDs) and Supplementary Planning Documents(SPDs), conforming to the core strategic plans and policies. The salient features of the LDA are as follow: Will define the needs of the community in terms of the educational institutions, health related concerns and other social security requirements relating to employment, retirement, crime prevention etc. All the proposals and plans of the development plan documents and supplementary plan documents will have to undergo sustainability appraisal and must meet the criteria of environment baseline as set by the Borough. The reforms in the planning commissions have made it mandatory for the councils to prepare an Annual Monitoring Report (AMR) for all the ongoing projects and programs of the development schemes and clearly state the present status as against the premeditated goals of the scheme for the previous fiscal year. The implementation process of the projects and programs involves categorical and well defined plan of stratifies development which is to be monitored regularly by the authorities and community. Your involvement is the key to the success of the development in your area. If you or any organization want to be consulted in the future planning of your area or would like to know about the status of the programs and projects of the community, please do get in touch with the us through the email at PlanningPolicy@rbkc.gov.uk or phone us on 020 7361

Monster by Sanyika Shakur Essay Example for Free

Monster by Sanyika Shakur Essay The book Monster by Sanyika Shakur is the story of one gang member’s life of crime growing up in a crime ridden neighbourhood outside Los Angeles. Then known as Kody Scott but given the name Monster by his fellow gang members because of his vicious and ruthless acts of violence, Shakur relates a life of crime that started at adolescence and escalated quickly. He relates to the reader that the only feelings of belonging and family that he truly experienced were in the family created by his fellow thugs through a life of shootouts and gangbanging. In the book, Shakur expresses memories of his mother’s only reactions to his crimes being disapproval and detachment, rather than concern or love. There is little evidence of order or community in Shakur’s experiences either in his time on the street or during his periods of incarceration. The novel Monster and the life of Sanyika Shakur paint a picture of a life ruled by the concepts of the social disorganization theory. The social disorganization theory, formulated by Burgess, Shaw and McKay, proposes that delinquency and crime are the results of communal institutions like family, church, school and local government fail and stop being active structures within a community. These communal institutions enforce social responsibility, care and concern for the community and positive behaviour within the community. When these institutions degrade and stop playing active roles in the lives of the citizens of a community, the organization and social responsibility of the community is lost and crime and negative behaviour can spread in their place. The memory of Kody’s graduation at the beginning of Monster is an example of the prevalence of social disorganization in Shakur’s life. He relates how, at the age of 12, his graduation from grade school is treated as a family event and attended by all his siblings, an aunt and an uncle. But as soon as the graduation ceremony ends and the family returns home it disintegrates, with the other authority figures leaving and Kody being yelled at by his mother to clean up his room. There is no praise, no positive reinforcement, just yelling and orders. As a result Kody flees for the place that he feels he will get that acceptance, love and sense of accomplishment – the hangout of a local gang member. It is in this early experience that it can be seen how the life of a gang member, in young Kody’s eyes, will meet his needs far better than living the life of a civilian and working a regular job, as he describes the clothes of one gang member he emulates as, â€Å"Things our parents could not afford to give us† (Shakur 6). He has been given no reinforcement from his family unit, a family where there is seemingly little or no structure, so he finds that structure and reinforcement, along with the promise of better things, in gang life. Later, after being released from prison, Shakur reflects on his neighbourhood that he grew up in and recognizes its shortcomings: â€Å"I couldn’t believe the drabness of the city. Burned-out buildings and vacant houses took up whole blocks. Gas stations and liquor stores owned by Koreans were on every corner. Mexican merchants hung on corners, hawking oranges like dope. The obvious things that had been there all along I never saw differently† (Shakur 360). This illustration paints a picture of a neighbourhood that is rife with the characteristics of a socially disorganized environment. Shakur mentions no schools, no churches, no public parks or recreational sources of positive enforcement. The things that stand out to him are liquor stores and Mexican fruit sellers. There are burned-out buildings and vacant houses, representative of the void where positive reinforcement and social responsibility is blatantly absent in his community. As a result, these streets that now cause him to feel depressed are the same ones that led him to a life of crime and murder. The things that are absent from the streets that Shakur sees were also absent from his life. He never mentions school again after that early graduation memory except to say that he never went back, and there is no mention of church at all by him or his family. The concept of faith is so foreign to him that he does not understand it when the Muslim leaders in prison try to explain faith to him. There is no evidence of social responsibility in the neighbourhood that Shakur describes, only poverty and businesses like liquor stores that provide sources of negative distraction from life and responsibility instead of encouraging improvement or positive behaviour. One of the elements of gang life that appealed to Shakur was the structure provided by the organization of gang sets. He states, â€Å"All attempts at new ideas are not successful. Sets fail, much like businesses. Much work goes into establishing a set. With the success of a set comes universal recognition† (Shakur 81). This description indicates that Shakur’s way of thinking and personality would have benefited from a more positive source of structure and organization, such as in church, school or a community work program. In this illustration Shakur explains that successfully organizing a gang set garners recognition and respect, the ultimate goal. But the gang members he’s organizing with have not been taught how to organize themselves for a positive goal, like a school athletic team or a church choir or study group. In the absence of that positive reinforcement their organizational skills turn to forming a successful set that will have adequate numbers and sufficient weapons to launch an attack on gang rivals. The social network that should have existed within the community as a source of strength and positive reinforcement was replaced by a social network within the gang community, spreading violence and drug use throughout a community weakened by lack of leadership and socially positive structures. There is a sense of apathy portrayed in the neighbourhood that Shakur grew up gangbanging in that allowed the social disorganization to spread. He describes occasions in which he and fellow gang members would follow rivals into local businesses to assault them and business owners would simply step out of the way. This is another scenario in which positive behaviour could have been reinforced. The local businesses do not represent a traditional social structure like a school or a church, but a group of local businesses banding together to stop gang violence on their premises and to enforce the law against crime and encourage local youth towards more positive pursuits would have produced the same effect. Instead, other citizens turn a blind eye to the theft and violence that occurs on their property out of fear or apathy. This attitude allows the disorganization to occur just as the failing of the communal institutions does. Shakur’s experiences in the multiple prisons in which he is incarcerated also provide evidence of a lack of structure or positive reinforcement. Shakur repeatedly gives examples of prison guards that mistreat and beat African American inmates because they are African American or because they are gang members. When discussing the juxtaposition of the environment he grew up in with the prison environment he explains that much of the disorganization and violence in prison stemmed from, â€Å"the fact that most of us grew up in eighty percent New Afrikan community policed – or occupied – by an eighty five percent American pig force that is clearly antagonistic to any male in the community, displaying this antagonism at every opportunity by any means necessary with all the brute force and sadistic imagination they can muster†(Shakur 223-24). In a socially organized society law enforcement would be another structure that would reinforce positive behaviour within the community and help to encourage a sense of community responsibility. Here, Shakur describes a police force where the opposite is true. Instead of encouraging positive action the police antagonize citizens, especially those that are male, and use brute force and unnecessary violence to enforce the law, while taking advantage of their position of authority over the citizens. Instead of using their authority to be role models within the community and protect the people from crime by discouraging it, the police that Shakur grew up with on his Los Angeles streets abused their power and took advantage of their authority to wrongfully accuse Shakur and his community. This represents a clear departure from the social structure necessary for social organization, and a degradation that could have definitely resulted in the presence of social disorganization instead. The structures of authority within the gang world relate Shakur’s need for reinforcement and organization that he didn’t find in his social community. During his stay in prison he describes plays for power in which an inmate member of one gang would physically assault or publicly humiliate an inmate member of another gang as a means of establishing dominance for himself over the other inmate and for his gang set over the other gang set. Again, this is an example of the lack of social structure, both out in the community and within the confines of the prison, resulting in a social structure and community spreading in the criminal world and encouraging negative behaviour and crime. It is in this prison system that functions as a microcosm of social disorganization that Shakur discovered the New Afrikan Independence Movement, which is presented as a contrast to the unstructured, violent, socially disorganized world that Shakur has known. Again, he feels a sense of belonging in the structure and positive reinforcement of his attitude. He learns to take pride in his heritage and where he is from instead of reacting out of anger and ignorance at the police and other members of society that he feels degrade him. In the movement Shakur explains that he learned that his behaviour was directly related to the environment he was in and the reinforcement he was given, and that the only way to create a positive environment for himself and his people was to create one. In himself, Shakur develops his own social organization. He describes how he left the gang community while in prison and expresses surprise that there was not more resistance. It makes sense that after a life in the gang world where any opposition or threat to the authority and structure of the gang was met with anger, violence, and potentially death, that Shakur would be apprehensive about announcing his decision to turn his back on gang life and his surprise at the calm reaction. Shakur also changes his life outside of prison, instructing his friends to not address him using the N-word and refusing the cocaine they bring him. The reactions of his friends and family to his new attitude and outlook on life illustrate the reinforcement of social disorganization. His gang member friends try to give him money and drugs right away so that he can delve right back into a life of illegal activity and crime. His mother displays a detached, almost unemotional attitude that indicates that she doesn’t think it’s possible for him to avoid returning to the gangbanging life he knew and make a new life for himself. In her reaction, his mother displays all the characteristics of a socially disorganized community in her inability to offer positive reinforcement or organizational help or structure. It is only through Shakur’s will and new sense of purpose that he escapes the socially disorganized world he lived in for one that is organized with the structure and positive reinforcement he needs to succeed. Works Cited Shakur, Sanyika. Monster. New York: Grove Press, 1993.

Kata pengantar

Kata pengantar Puji syukur penyusun panjatkan ke hadirat Tuhan Yang Maha Esa karena atas rahmat dan hidayah-Nya kami dapat menyelesaikan tugas Research-Based Learning ini yang kami beri nama SuperPowerRanger. Makalah ini diajukan guna melengkapi tugas RBL Fisika Dasar IA. Kami mengucapkan terima kasih kepada Dosen Mata Kuliah Fisika Dasar, Bapak Maman Budiman, selaku dosen pembimbing kami dan semua pihak yang turut membantu sehingga tugas ini dapat terselesaikan dengan baik dan tepat waktu. Kami sadari bahwa makalah kami ini masih banyak kekurangannya. Kami harap makalah ini dapat memberi informasi bagi orang lain dan bermanfaat untuk pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan. Penyusun I. Pendahuluan A. Latar Belakang Pembuatan alat ini adalah untuk memenuhi tugas RBL (Research Based Learning) Mata Kuliah Fisika Dasar IA. Tugas RBL untuk 2009/2010 adalah membuat sistem pelontar atau pendorong yang dapat menggerakkan mobil mainan. Mobil mainan tersebut akan bergerak pada lintasan seperti yang tampak pada gambar di bawah ini. Ada tiga prinsip yang dapat digunakan dalam pembuatan alat pelontar, yaitu prinsip mekanika, fluida, dan termodinamika. Kami memilih untuk memakai prinsip mekanika. B. Tujuan Tujuan dari pengerjaan tugas RBL ini adalah untuk mengaplikasikan ilmu fisika yang selama ini dipelajari secara teoritis pada sebuah permasalahan nyata. II. Isi A. Teori Dasar dan Prinsip Kerja Teori dasar pada pelontar mobil mainan ini berpegang pada hukum Hooke pada bab Elastisitas dimana pertambahan panjang (delta L) suatu benda bergantung pada besarnya gaya yang diberikan (F) dan materi penyusun dan dimensi benda (dinyatakan dalam konstanta k). Benda yang dibentuk oleh materi yang berbeda akan memiliki pertambahan panjang yang berbeda walaupun diberikan gaya yang sama, misalnya tulang dan besi. Demikian juga, walaupun sebuah benda terbuat dari materi yang sama (besi, misalnya), tetapi memiliki panjang dan luas penampang yang berbeda maka benda tersebut akan mengalami pertambahan panjang yang berbeda sekalipun diberikan gaya yang sama. Jika kita membandingkan batang yang terbuat dari materi yang sama tetapi memiliki panjang dan luas penampang yang berbeda, ketika diberikan gaya yang sama, besar pertambahan panjang sebanding dengan panjang benda mula-mula dan berbanding terbalik dengan luas penampang. Jika benda kita tarik ke kanan sehingga pegas teregang sejauh x, maka pada benda bekerja gaya pemulih pegas, yang arahnya berlawanan dengan arah tarikan kita. Ketika benda berada pada simpangan x, EP benda maksimum sedangkan EK benda nol (benda masih diam). Ketika benda kita lepaskan, gaya pemulih pegas menggerakan benda ke kiri, kembali ke posisi setimbangnya. EP benda menjadi berkurang dan menjadi nol ketika benda berada pada posisi setimbangnya. Selama bergerak menuju posisi setimbang, EP berubah menjadi EK. Ketika benda kembali ke posisi setimbangnya, gaya pemulih pegas bernilai nol tetapi pada titik ini kecepatan benda maksimum. Karena kecepatannya maksimum, maka ketika berada pada posisi setimbang, EK bernilai maksimum. Benda masih terus bergerak ke kiri karena ketika berada pada posisi setimbang, kecepatan benda maksimum. Ketika bergerak ke kiri, Gaya pemulih pegas menarik benda kembali ke posisi setimbang, sehingga benda berhenti sesaat pada simpangan sejauh -x dan bergerak kembali menuju posisi setimbang. Ketika benda berada pada simpangan sejauh -x, EK benda = 0 karena kecepatan benda = 0. pada posisi ini EP bernilai maksimum. Pada penjelasan di atas, tampak bahwa ketika bergerak dari posisi setimbang menuju ke kiri sejauh x = -A (A = amplitudo / simpangan terjauh), kecepatan benda menjadi berkurang dan bernilai nol ketika benda tepat berada pada x = -A. Karena kecepatan benda berkurang, maka EK benda juga berkurang dan bernilai nol ketika benda berada pada x = -A. Karena adanya gaya pemulih pegas yang menarik benda kembali ke kanan (menuju posisi setimbang), benda memperoleh kecepatan dan Energi Kinetiknya lagi. EK benda bernilai maksimum ketika benda tepat berada pada x = 0, karena laju gerak benda pada posisi tersebut bernilai maksimum. Proses perubahan energi antara EK dan EP berlangsung terus menerus selama benda bergerak bolak balik. Total EP dan EK selama benda bergetar besarnya tetap atau konstan. B. Rancangan Alat dan Bahan Bahan: Gagang Payung Bekas Triplek Balok Kayu Pegas Lempengan Seng Paku Alat: Gergaji Lem Cara Kerja: Tarik batang sebesar delta x seperti apa yang kita dapat dari hasil perhitungan, tahan sebentar untuk memastikan jarak, setelah melihat jaraknya kemudian lepaskan. C. Perhitungan Melalui beberapa percobaan, maka di dapatkan konstanta pegas = 326 N m-1 Kecepatan saat di puncak ÃŽ £F = m.ass m.g = m.v Untuk mencari kecepatan minimum, kita pilih N=0 m.g = m v2/R g.r = Menentukan kecepatan minimum benda sebelum memutar agar benda bisa memutar Dengan prinsip Usaha-Energi ,-.=,-. h-.+,1-2.,-2.+,1-2.,-2.=,h-.+,1-2.,-2.+,1-2.,-2. Kita anggap bahwa roda itu berbentuk silinder pejal, =,1-2.,-2., karena Massa roda sangat kecil jika dibandingkan dengan massa mobil serta jari-jari roda juga sangat kecil, maka Energi kinetic rotasi dapat kita abaikan. h-.+,1-2.,-2.=,h-.+,1-2.,-2. (2)+,1-2.,(,-.)-2.=0+,1-2.,-2. 5-2.=,1-2.,-2. -.=,-5h. -.=,-5.9,78.28.,,10-2.-. D. Hasil Percobaan III. Penutup Kesimpulan Saran

Opposition to Prescribed Burns Essay -- Fires Health Essays

Opposition to Prescribed Burns Forest fires kill many animals and usually destroy a large amount of land. Prescribed burns seem like they would be the best idea, but are they? Their claim to fame is to clear out land in order to decrease the burning space for when an actual forest fire occurs. Yet this may seem like a brilliant idea, but one must look at the negative aspects of controlled burnings. People might have a change of heart when they realize the damages and effects of such an interesting act. Keep in mind that not only is your health involved but even such things as the inconvenience of dealing with a smoky town. It is important to understand that prescribed burns cause severe health problems especially to firefighters; these are concerning carbon monoxide poisoning, visibility issues and health risks that will affect the future. Carbon monoxide is a major component in smoke from fires. It can cause a loss of mental acuity, acute nausea and severe headaches (Reinhardt 33). Death can occur at extreme levels of this intoxication and it can even cause shortness of breath and dizziness (Reinhardt 35). It may not seem like it is that bad, but one must consider that these things add up and can really affect their health and well-being. The carbon monoxide levels tend to shoot up when the wind speed goes up during daily exposure (U.S. Department of Agriculture 3). It also depends on what kind of duties you have as a firefighter; because those with the highest level of carbon monoxide in their system were a part of the direct attack and those with the least were the fire starters (U.S. Department of Agriculture 3). Carbon monoxide is a powerful poison that can kill you and it is absolut... ... but when your lungs collapse later in your life because you inhaled too much carbon monoxide you might regret the thought of prescribed burns. Works Cited Blakeman, Scott. â€Å"911 picture.† Photograph. 2001. 14 November 2004 http://www.scottblakeman.com/ firefighters.gif. Reinhardt, Timothy E. Monitoring firefighter exposure to air toxins at prescribed burns of forest and range biomass. Portland: Forest Service, 1991. Reinhardt, Timothy E. Smoke exposure among firefighters at prescribed burns in the Pacific Northwest. Portland: Forest Service, 2000. Shifting Sands. â€Å"Prescribed Burn.† Photogragh. 2002. 15 November 2004 U.S. Department of Agriculture. Smoke exposure at prescribed burns: a study on the effects of smoke exposure on firefighters at prescribed burns. Portland: Forest Service, 1995.

The Bonds of a Language Essays -- Amy Tan Literature Authors Essays

The Bonds of a Language Amy Tan is the author of several novels including The Joy Luck Club and The Kitchen God’s Wife. She was born in the United States to parents who immigrated to California from China (Gruber 35). In her article entitled â€Å"Mother Tongue†, Tan focuses on the English shared between her mother and herself versus the English that she speaks with everyone else, and how it has affected her outlook on language. Through her examples, she presents to the audience the obstacles faced by her mother’s â€Å"limited† English. Tan demonstrates that no matter how much someone may change, the most important things lay back in their roots. Tan directs this article in a certain way to allow for several people to relate. Even though she has the heritage of a Chinese culture, she did grow up in the United States, so she knows what catches people’s interest. She bases the entire article off of experiences that she has had with her own mother and the language barriers her mother has had to put up with. Someone who may not have experienced this first hand would probably not have as strong an argument. Tan also gears the article to a wide audience. Even if someone does not care about language or the struggles to be heard by people who can’t understand you, she throws in interesting stories that catch any reader for a small moment. A good audience for this article is people who deal with those who speak â€Å"broken† English, such as those in ESL programs. Tan points out that even though her mother isn’t the best at speaking English, she still comprehends it. Many just assume that her mother’s intelligence is equivalent to her spoken English, which as Tan points out, isn’t true. That may also have been why Ta... ...when you don’t know what they want or need, which Tan probably realizes. In conclusion, Amy Tan allows the reader to see through her eyes and her mother’s eyes. Despite the obvious responsibility put on her shoulders from her mother’s English, Tan still feels a sense of intimacy in that â€Å"broken† language. It becomes more of a point that she’s showing the audience the importance of this bond between her mother and her rather than to make them feel sorry for her mother. If her mother spoke as well as Tan does now, then Tan most likely would have turned out different. She learned responsibility and it allowed her to feel passionate about helping other understand English enough to make it a career. It also was a good step in showing options for Asians outside of the engineering field. And lastly, Amy Tan’s mother appears to be very proud of her daughter.

Consumer behavior Essay

1. Why would someone shop on the internet ? buy an ipad ? eat at T. G. I. Fridays frequently ? -Because of the fast-paced world that we live in it would be more practical to shop through the internet because of its accessibility. Through online shopping customer can get the product and avail the services they need in just a simple click of button it saves them time and energy. An ipad is a tablet computer developed by Apple. It is smaller than a typical laptop, but significantly larger than the average smartphone. The iPad does not include a keyboard or a trackpad, but instead has a touchscreen interface , which is used to control the device. Due to it’s portability, accessibility, ease of use, and the great applications you can avail with it millions of people around the world are ipad user and hundreds are still planning to get their self one, so they can ride along in the bandwagon and be one with the trend. Having an ipad can also defined one’s social status so, even though it is expensive with it’s benefits and the image it can give to a person we find iPAD’s as a practical thing to buy. T. G. I. Fridays is an American restaurant chain focusing on casual dining. It offers it’s customers good food and an American dining experience though it maybe expensive compared to other restaurant but, it is a great place to relaxed after a hard days work. a) Why would someone else not make those purchases? -Other People find it much more complicated to shop through the internet and prefer the old fashion way of shopping, some find iPad’s expensive and impractical and other people find eating at an expensive restaurant just a waste of time and money and they just prefer to eat home cooked meal. b) How would you choose one outlet, brand and model over the others? – If they have a good ambiance and feel of their store, the sales person offers good service and if their product are worthy and reasonable enough for their price. c) Would others make choice the same way ? -I guess not, because other people prefer to go with products with cheaper prices.