Factors Influencing Brand Loyalty Among Notebook Users

Factors Influencing Brand Loyalty Among Notebook Users In this new era of globalization, the rapid development of the technology is growing so fast and more challenge to manufacturers or marketers. A huge number brand of notebook was in the market and more competitive among the manufacturer. It is easily to customers or users to switching to another brand if they feel not satisfied with current brand and choose the better notebook brand. So this study was to determine the factors that influencing brand loyalty among notebook users. The data was collected by questionnaire survey at Universiti Utara Malaysia. This study found that satisfaction is the most factors that can influence users loyal to the notebook brand. CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of Study In this era of globalization, rapid development in technology is not something strange and familiar to us. Advances in telecommunications, information system and society knowledge is in line with changes occurring in technology. Furthermore, in this 21st century, the international community has shifted from the industrial era into the era of information technology without borders. As well as the growth of new technology devices such as mobile phones, laptops, cameras, and others where many additional features offered in these devices. Once a notebook may be categorized as luxury goods, but with the times as well as improved quality of life we can have it. Notebook technology is one of the tools that community choose because of the characteristics who are always renewed by the marketers. Notebook are designed as a tool that is easy to carry anywhere, small and light to be placed on a individual lap when using it. Manufacturers often refer to laptop as notebooks, this is to avoid warm thigh complaints from customers and consequent opportunist liability suits (Wikipedia, 2007). The use of laptops is very wide so that the whole world. The rapid growth in the technology sector is also effect increasing the number of competitors in the market. This cause-marketers and also academicians or practitioners focus on customer decision making in the purchase of a portable PC industry (Nasir, et al., 2006). To satisfy the customer would be something quite challenging in the modern business world. What customers want and how they think are the questions often played in the minds of marketers or companies. Complex in users mind contribute to volatility in profits. When customers loyal to a brand or company, they indirectly help them expand market share, increase bottom line and sustain companys advantage. Brand shows a reputation of a companys through their products or services. Brand is also a sign that memorable in the minds of customers. The American Marketing Association defines a brand as a name, term, sign, symbol or design, or a combination of prototype, intended to identify the goods or services of one seller or group of sellers, and to differentiate from bear fight them of the competitors (Kotler, et al., 2009). Brand can become the heart of marketing and business strategy. Success of the brand is able to generate profits by attracting new customers and retain existing customers. With the brand, it is a sign of the signal in some level of quality which the buyer is satisfied with the easy to choose any of the products. Brand loyalty provides a forecast of demand for the company and may also explain the willingness of customers to pay for higher price. Although competitors are easy to duplicate the process and product design, they are not easy to match the description in the individual and the organization from year to year in any marketing and product development. Therefore, the brand became a very influential in the world competition. ListenRead phoneticallyAccording to Malaysia Laptop (2008), top ten notebooks for October 2008 are: Compaq Presario CQ40 Acer Extensa 4620Z Acer Aspire One Acer Aspire 2920Z HP Pavilion dv5 HP Pavilion dv2700 Acer Aspire 4530 Apple MacBook ASUS Eee PC 1000H Dell Latitude E6500 In 1986, battery powered portable computers had just 2% worldwide market share. But today, notebooks are becoming increasingly popular, both for business and personal use (Economics, 2005). In 2008, it is estimated that 145.9 million notebooks were sold and in 2009 the number grow to 177.7 million. The third quarter of 2008 was the first time when notebook PC shipments exceeded desktops, with 38.6 million units versus 38.5 million units. 1.2 Problem Statement Notebook were originally considered to be a small niche market and were thought suitable mostly for specialized field applications such as the military, accountants and sales representative. But today, notebooks are becoming more popular for student and general use. In addition, new products of notebook launches to the market, acquisitions and mergers in the sector, rapid developments in the nano technology, integrated wireless networking and decreased price make the customer are more influence to buy a notebook (Nasir et al., 2006) which at the same brand or may switch to other brand. This study intended what are the factors that influence notebooks users to be loyal of the notebook brand. 1.3 Research Questions Bases on the discussion earlier in the background of the problem, the research question developed will be: Does price influence brand loyalty among notebook users? Does brand name influence brand loyalty among notebook users? Does promotion influence brand loyalty among notebook users? Does features influence brand loyalty among notebook users? Does satisfaction influence brand loyalty among notebook users? 1.4 Research Objective The objectives of this research are: To determine whether Price influence brand loyalty among notebook users. To determine whether Brand Name influence brand loyalty among notebook users. To determine whether Promotion influence brand loyalty among notebook users. To determine whether Features influence brand loyalty among notebook users. To determine whether Satisfaction influence brand loyalty among notebook users. 1.5 Significance of Study In general, this study is to help marketers and consumers in order to develop more effective marketing strategies. This study also allows us to identify what is the real motivation that exists inside of every made of purchase and what is needed by the user. Therefore, more efficient marketing activities will be implemented. Marketers also can predict the reaction shown by the user of their marketing strategies that has been implemented. And marketers can look whether the strategies that are practiced can maintain the customer that are loyal to their products and also can attract other customers to buy their products. This study is expected to provide useful information in marketing to attract the loyalty to the brand. 1.6 Scope of the Study The study was conducted that involving notebook user. In this study, questionnaire will be formed and it will be complemented by the notebook user. In addition, the collection of secondary sources is also used in this study. This includes the findings of several studies carried out by several previous researchers, journals, books and resources derived from electronic media such as the internet. 1.7 Limitations of the Study Since this study includes some students at the Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM), the results of this study is more relevant applied to the student in UUM. These findings did not reflect the entire population of notebook users in Malaysia as a whole, the factors influencing brand loyalty among notebook users. This study was carried out in a relatively short period, time constraints also exist. If this study can be implemented in the longer term, the material or related information can be increased in further. CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Introduction This chapter review literatures in the context of this study. In this section, discussion will be based on the brand loyalty and factors that influence brand loyalty such as price, brand name, promotion, features and satisfaction among notebook users. Research framework and research hypothesis are also discussed in this chapter. 2.2 Brand Loyalty Loyalty reflects the strength of the relationship between individual attitudes and repurchase. It contains a number of objectives in planning marketing strategies and describes the development of fundamental importance in maintaining a competitive advantage. For example, customers remain loyal to the brand of the same product, the suppliers or services providers in the long term and not easily changed. They also showed their loyalty to the brand by spread kindness to others. Listen Read phonetically Brand loyalty is a commitment by consumer to repurchase or continue to using the current brand. It can be look by the repeated buying in a variety of market context such as product, service, and store. Loyalty is thought to be important for market practitioners for a number of reasons such as generating greater profits, brand extension and increase market share (Thiele Mackay, 2001). Building brand loyalty requires investment in marketing programs that are target to the current and potential customer. Consumers that are loyal only repurchase the same brand even there is an alternative brand in the market. Marketers often pay attention to identify the characteristics of brand loyal consumers and the degree of brand loyalty of consumers so that they can directly and effectively focus their marketing and promotional strategies on these consumers who share similar characteristics among the large population (Lau, et al., 2006). Previous study shows that the brand loyalty is measured by behavioural and attitudinal loyalty. Typically, brand loyalty is defined with reference to either attitudinal or behavioural components (Bennett, et al., 2007)). Behavioural loyalty measures defined brand loyalty in terms of the actual purchase observed over a time period and attitudinal loyalty measures are based on stated preferences, commitment or purchase intention (Thiele Mackay, 2001). A variety of factors also have been found to impact the development of brand loyalty. Lau, et al., (2006) found that brand name, style and promotion are the key brand factors of customer loyalty. Others authors have reported that advertising, price and brand have a significant impact on brand loyalty (Othman Ping, 2006). Sales encounter satisfaction, in turn, leads to brand loyalty by enhancing brand attitude and salesperson loyalty (Brexendorf, et al., 2009). 2.3 Factors of Brand Loyalty 2.3.1 Price Price is one of the important factors that affect on brand loyalty. Consumers with high brand loyalty are willing to pay for a high price for their favourite brand, so their purchase intention is not easily affected by price. In addition, customers have a strong belief in the price and value of their favourite brands so much so that they would compare and evaluate prices with alternative brands (Sidek Yee, 2008). Dovaliene Virvilaite (2008), state that price is one of the most flexible marketing mix elements that can be quickly changed, after changing specific product and service characteristics. People with higher incomes and higher product involvement willingly pay more for features, customer service, quality, added convenience and the brand name (Kotler, et al., 2009). Price variations for consumers favourite brand may only affect their purchase quantity but not their brand choice decision. Consumer satisfaction can also be built by comparing price with perceived costs and value (Lau, et al., 2006). The results from the previous study show that price have a significant to influence on brand loyalty (Lau, et al., 2006; Sidek Yee, 2008; Othman Ping, 2006). Based on the above discussion, the first hypotheses should be as follows: H1: There is significant and positive relationship between price and brand loyalty among notebook users. 2.3.2 Brand Name The brand name is quite often used interchangeably within brand, although it is more correctly used to specifically denote written or spoken linguistic elements of any product. In this context a brand name constitutes a type of trademark, if the brand name exclusively identifies the brand owner as the commercial source of products or services. Famous brand name can disseminate the benefit of product and lead to higher recall of an advertised benefit than a non-famous brand name (Kotler, et al., 2009). They are many unfamiliar brand names and alternatives available in the market place. Consumers may prefer to trust the major famous and popular brand name (Lau, et al., 2006). These prestigious brand names and their image attract consumers to purchase the brand, affect repeat purchasing behaviour and reduce price related switching behaviours. Consumers are more sensitive to brand name and usually used it in buying decision. This lead to the second hypothesis: H2: There is significant and positive relationship between brand name and brand loyalty among notebook users. 2.3.3 Promotion Promotion is one of the four elements of marketing mix (product, price, promotion, distribution). It is the communication link between sellers and buyers for the purpose of influencing, informing, or persuading a potential buyers purchasing decision. Promotion includes the use of advertising, sales promotions, personal selling and publicity (Kotler, et al., 2009). Promotion is an important element of a firms marketing strategy. Advertising induces brand loyalty in consumers who would otherwise purchase the cheapest alternative on the market. Firms first invest in advertising, and then compete in prices for the remaining brand indifferent consumers (Chioveanu, 2008). Sales promotions are typically viewed as temporary incentives that encourage the trial of a product or service (DelVecchio, et al., 2006). Promotion was considered as one of the most important factors in determining a consumers brand loyalty (Sidek Yee, 2008). Therefore, the third hypothesis is developed as follows: H3: There is significant and positive relationship between promotion and brand loyalty among notebook users. 2.3.4 Features Features are qualities or characteristics of the product or service. According to decision making model, consumers process the environmental cues; the physical factors of the product, psychosocial cues such, such as advertising, and consumers put these cues into a set of perceptions that shape their preferences (Hong Lerch, 2002). Based on these preferences, consumers make their choices subject to situational constraints, such as price and people evaluate various objective features when buying an IT product (Hong Lerch, 2002). Nasir et al., (2006) find that features are a factor that influences consumers laptop purchase decision. Hence, the fourth hypothesis shall be as follows: H4: There is significant and positive relationship between features and brand loyalty among notebook users. 2.3.5 Satisfaction Satisfaction is a measure of how products and services supplied by a company meet or surpass customer expectation. The impact of satisfaction on loyalty has been the most popular subject of studies. (Ha, et al., 2009) state that power of satisfaction significantly lies in its ability to reinforce brand loyalty formation. Similarly, the satisfaction had a significant influence on loyalty (Kuusik Varblane, 2009). A minor change in satisfaction can lead to a substantial change in loyalty increment. Moreover, a small increase in customer satisfaction boosted customer loyalty dramatically (Bowen Chen, 2001). The customers will feel satisfied when the goods are beyond their expectation and otherwise when their expectations are beyond the goods actual condition (Sheng Liu, 2010). The discussion leads to the development of the fifth hypothesis: H5: There is significant and positive relationship between satisfaction and brand loyalty among notebook users. 2.4 Theoretical Framework The dependent variable in this study is brand loyalty. The independence variables are price, brand name, promotion, features and satisfaction. CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY 3.1 Introduction The research methodology involved the administration of questionnaire on a sample of accounting students. This section outlines the operational definition, instrument and measurement of variables, data collection and sampling 3.2 Research Design Aspects of the study include demographic factors like gender, race, education level, age, and notebook brands that respondent have (Part 1) while Part 2 is to assess the factors influencing brand loyalty among notebook users. The questions in part 2 are divided into six key dimensions of price, brand name, promotion, features, satisfaction and brand loyalty. Unit of analysis in a study comprised of individuals, groups, organisations and societies. Unit of analysis is a key feature that will be analyzed in an investigation. Individuals selected as the unit of analysis in this study in which students from UUM, Sintok. It is to examine the factors that influence them to be loyalty to the notebook brand. This study using a survey method whereby questionnaire form will be used because it is more beneficial than other methods of data collection such as interviews and observations. Questionnaire will be distributed to UUMs students because most of the UUM students use notebook for their learning. 3.3 Operational Definition Price the degree to which the notebook users that price  can influence them be loyalty to notebook brand. Brand Name the degree to which the notebook users that brand name  can influence them be loyalty to notebook brand. Promotion the degree to which the notebook users that promotion  can influence them be loyalty to notebook brand. Features the degree to which the notebook users that features can  influence them be loyalty to notebook brand. Satisfaction the degree to which the notebook users that satisfaction  can influence them be loyalty to notebook brand. 3.4 Instrument and Measurement of Variables The questionnaire was divided into two parts. Part 1 of the questionnaire consists of demographic information such as gender, age, and education level. Part 2 contains questions on factors which influence brand loyalty such as price, brand name, promotion, features and satisfaction. It also contains a question on brand loyalty. The entire question in Part 2 using a five point Likert scale (1= strongly agree to 5 = strongly disagree). 3.5 Data Collection Data collection is divided into primary and secondary data. Primary data is from original source. Secondary data is data collected by previous researchers. In this study, data secondary as journals, reference books and the Internet data collected to obtain an overview of the study. Secondary data also provide an initial overview for researchers and makes a deeper study. Primary data is used to help answer research questions and test hypotheses based on studies objectives. So, to test this hypothesis, a questionnaire was chosen as the primary method of data collection. Beneficial uses of these questionnaires are: Help researchers get the data easily. Information in a simple questionnaire to be encoded. Advantages to the scientific research on which measurements are valid and reliable. Easily answered by the respondents. Data can be obtained by mail, this means that research can be conducted even though the extent of geographical breadth. More efficient when compared to the interview method. Respondents answer truthfully honest answer without fear (Hair, et al., 2007). 3.6 Sampling Hair, et al. (2007) defined a few procedures in the sampling process. The procedures are: Defining the target population. Choosing the sampling frame. Selecting the sampling method. Determining the sample size. Implementing the sampling plan. The population in this study consisted of all students of UUM with the number of 31, 251 students are PhD students from about 1,186 students, a total of 44 Graduate Diploma students, Graduate After Diploma total of 780 students, a total of 4,030 Postgraduate students and the Undergraduate student is about 25,211 students. The sample in this study is the Undergraduate and Postgraduate students of UUM COB. Respondents were selected by convenience sampling in which samples are available to choose to participate in this study and may provide necessary information. Convenience sampling was chosen because of time constraints inherent in this study. The population or the unit of analysis for this research will be the College of Business (COB) students in Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM). These COB students of UUM were chosen because COB has a large number of students under them. 3.7 Data Collection Method The questionnaire will distribute to COB students. Responses given by COB students in answering questionnaire is the most important resource in term of data collection. Findings of this study are one of the instruments that can measure the factors influencing brand loyalty among notebook users. 3.8 Method of Data Analysis Some statistical analysis was used to analyze the data in this study. All data were analyzed using the statistical package for social science (SPSS) software version 12.0. Descriptive analysis was used to see or understand the demographics of the respondents in this study. This method was also used to examine the dimensions of the study variables. To test the reliability of each factor influencing brand loyalty, the Cronbach coefficient alpha is used. The size of the correlation coefficient is used to quantitatively describe the strength of the association between two or more variables. The Pearson correlation was also used to measure the relationship between two variables. This analysis explains the positive or negative relationship between the two variables. Multiple regression analysis was used to analyze the dependent variable and several independent variables. It determine the relative importance of others independent variable in predicting the dependent variable. CHAPTER 4: RESULTS AND ANALYSIS 4.1 Introduction This chapter discusses the findings derived from data collected by the respondents who participated in this study. This chapter will also discuss the descriptive analysis for respondents demographic, the reliability of the factors and multiple regression analysis. 4.2 Respondents Demographic This study has a total of 31 respondents. Respondents demographic were asked in Part A that is gender, race, education level, age and notebook brand. The summarizing of the result from this part is show in Table 4.2.1 below. The table show that the ratio of both genders is 25.8% for male and 74.2% for female. So the percentages of female students are higher than male students. The results also show the race of the respondents where Malay consists of 17 students (54.8%), Chinese consists of 9 students (29.0%) and Indian consists of 5 students (16.1%). In education level, the number of undergraduate students that involves in this study is 22 students (71.0%) and postgraduate are 9 students (29.0%). And in age distribution, Table 4.1.1 shows that the higher percentage was 74.2% for 24 years and below, 22.6% for 25-35 years and 3.2% for 45 years and above. The result also show that most of the respondents use Compaq brand that consist of 9 students (29.0%) followed by Acer brand that consist of 8 students (25.8%). For HP brand consists of 5 students (16.1%), Dell brand consists of 3 students (9.7%), Toshiba and Lenovo brand consists of 2 students (6.5%) and last one is FTEC and Sony brand that only 1 students (3.2%). Demographic Variables Frequency Percent (%) Gender Male 8 25.8 Female 23 74.2 100.0 Race Malay 17 54.8 Chinese 9 29.0 Indian 5 16.1 100 Education Level Undergraduate (degree) 22 71.0 Postgraduate (master) 9 29.0 100.0 Age 24 years and below 23 74.2 25-35 years 7 22.6 45 years and above 1 3.2 100 Notebook Brand HP 5 16.1 Compaq 9 29.0 Dell 3 9.7 Acer 8 25.8 Sony 1 3.2 Toshiba 2 6.5 Lenovo 2 6.5 FTEC 1 3.2 100.0 4.3 Reliability Tests In this study, the reliability test is used to measure the coefficient and consistency each variables. The internal consistency reliability showed by coefficient alpha, also referred to as Cronbachs alpha. Hair et al., (2007) show the guidelines for the reliability as rules-of-thumb to interpret alpha values (Table 4.3.1). Table 4.3.1 Roles of Thumb about Cronbach-Alpha Coefficient Alpha Coefficient Range Strength of Association Poor 0.6 to Moderate 0.7 to Good 0.8 to Very good > 0.9 Excellent From the test, it was found that the Cronbach alpha for price factor is 0.567 from 4 variables item. For brand name factor, each of the 4 variables item to total correlation at moderate strength is 0.655 and for promotion factor the Cronbach alpha is at 0.635 from total correlation of 4 variables item. In features factor, each of the 4 variables item to total correlation was at moderate strength is 0.692. The Cronbach alpha for satisfaction factor is 0.909; total correlation of 5 variables item and for brand loyalty, the Cronbach alpha was 0.943 from 4 variables item. Table 4.3.2 illustrates the Cronbach alpha of the variables. Table 4.3.2 Cronbach Alpha of Variables Variable Cronbach Alpha Price 0.567 Brand Name 0.655 Promotion 0.635 Features 0.692 Satisfaction 0.909 Brand Loyalty 0.943 4.4 Hypotheses Testing To test the hypotheses in chapter 2, the Pearson correlation was use. This Pearson correlation can measures the linear association between two metric variables. It was range from -1.00 to +1.00 and zero representing no association between the two metrics variables. -1.00 and +1.00 show the perfect correlation or association between the two metrics variables. The correlation can be positive or negative depending on the direction of the relationship between the variables (Hair et al., 2007). 4.4.1 First Hypotheses H1: There is significant and positive relationship between price and brand loyalty among notebook users. The result show that correlation between price and brand loyalty is -0.641 and the significance level is 0.000. It is found that price have a negative relationship with brand loyalty which the significance level is small (p If the notebook providers increase the value of the price, it influenced the notebook users not to stay or loyal to the same brand because the price is more expensive that before and price not the factor that influencing brand loyalty among notebook users. Table 4.4.1 Correlation between Price and Brand Loyalty Price Loyalty Price Pearson Correlation 1 -.641(**) Sig. (2-tailed) . .000 Loyalty Pearson Correlation -.641(**) 1 Sig. (2-tailed) .000 . ** Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed). 4.4.2 Second Hypotheses H2: There is significant and positive relationship between brand name and brand loyalty among notebook users. The result show that correlation between brand name and brand loyalty is 0.538 and the significance level is 0.002. It is found that brand name have a positive relationship with brand loyalty which the significance level is small (p In other words, if the notebook providers more emphasizes on their notebooks brand name it can increase the users loyalty to the brand because they believe that the brand is reputable, prestigious and attract them more to purchase from the same brand. So brand name can influenced brand loyalty among notebook users. Table 4.4.2 Correlation between Brand Name and Brand Loyalty Brand Name Loyalty Brand Name Pearson Correlation 1 .538(**) Sig. (2-tailed) . .002 Loyalty Pearson Correlation .538(**) 1 Sig. (2-tailed) .002 . ** Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed). 4.4.3 Third Hypotheses H3: There is significant and positive relationship between promotion and brand loyalty among notebook users. The result show that correlation between promotion and brand loyalty is 0.422 and the significance level is 0.018. It is found that promotion have a positive relationship with brand loyalty which the significance level is small (p Promotion is need for all the marketers to introduce their product or services to the customer. So, if the notebook provider more emphasis on their promotion, the number of loyal customer to their brand more increases. It shows that promotion one of the factors that influencing brand loyalty among notebook users. Table 4.4.3 Correlation between Promotion and Brand Loyalty Promotion Loyalty Promotion Pearson Correlation 1 .422(*) Sig. (2-tailed) . .018 Loyalty Pearson Correlation .422(*) 1 Sig. (2-tailed) .018 . * Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed). 4.4.4 Fourth Hypotheses H4: There is significant and positive relationship between features and brand loyalty among notebook users. The result show that correlation between features and brand loyalty is 0.383 and the significance level is 0.033. It is found that features have a positive relationship with brand loyalty which the significance level is small (p < 0.05). This means it is failed to reject the hypotheses of there

Medical Industry Essay

Mediksys is a clinic management system designed to help the clinica terencio and hospital in managing their patient record and accommodating during their check-up. This system has Features include save, delete, edit, refresh, search by either first name, surname or id. The search also includes autocomplete. Crystal report with option to print a single selected record or all the records in a datatable. Also a flexibility in the DataGridView which populates all fields when a record is clicked on the gridview. (Note: this is very simple make it complex but don’t be redundant in explain the part. It is not the whole document it is just a overview) IV. Statement of the problem A. General Problem: Manual Clinic Management System of Clinica Terencio and Hospital B. Specific Problem: Accommodating numbers of patient upon check-up Inconvenience patient record monitoring V. Objective of the study A. General Objective: To develop the Mediksys system. B. Specific Objectives: To provide a convenient way in monitoring patient check-up queue using Patient Express Assist. (PEA) To enhance the patient record management V. Scope and Limitations: The system is not intended to replace the role of human being in the world, for it has limitation and capabilities. The capabilities of this system would help human being to have quality life in serving people. It is important to the future reader to understand its limitation to enable them to have a deeper understanding on how it can probably help them with their certain task. A. Scope of the System The authorized nurse (receptionist) and Doctor can access to the system during office hours. The patient can view their Number on the screen for their check-up The authorized nurse (receptionist) can edit, add and delete patient information. The Doctor handle or control the patient Express Assist (PEA) B. Limitation of the system It does not cover other processes aside from recording patient record and viewing the patient number for check-up. (Note: in making scope and limitation the scope should > that limitation) VI. Review on Related Literature and Studies According to Anonuevo (2009) the most high-volume medical service facilities, the implementation of an efficient queuing and scheduling system would always pose a problem. More often than not, medical service facilities would implement a queue manually by either assigning a queue administrator or by using a ticketing system. The problem with these implementations is that the manager or facilitator of the queue does not have a convenient and quick way of informing queued customers of any updates. Because of this, patients are given no indication or estimation as to when their turn will be. As such, patients who are waiting in line will be forced to wait in the same vicinity as the facility. Which in turn, would  lead to long and crowded queues in that particular facility. Another problem that most Philippine medical service facilities have is implementing a reliable, robust and efficient record keeping system. In the Philippine setting, most service facilities still choose to use a paper-basedsystem for keeping medical records. This system has already proved to be slow and inefficient. In a recent survey conducted by the group, 63% of its respondents have admitted to having problems with their record keepingsystem. 83% of these respondents have also admitted to misplacing patient medical records or losing them entirely. These are unacceptable numbers, especially for a medical service facility. Provincial Hospital In-Patient System or PROV-HIS is a generic transaction processing system for provincial hospitals. Implemented in Visual Basic 5 Enterprise edition, it is designed to integrate hospital functions in a local area network system. The proponents identified that data management workload is uneven in the existing hospital system. By carefully studying and establishing a paper trail, the proponents managed to evenly distribute and systematize work among hospital personnel hence disburdening some hospital personnel of work backlogs, made possible through PROV-HIS. L. Morco, a master degree student of De La Salle Univesity observed that PROV-HIS answers the need for an efficient hospital information management. It made use of data coming from the vital source of hospital transactions which are the admission, the medical record service, the billing service and the hospital wards. The result of the proponents effort is a system that would serve as benchmark in the coming years particularly on hospital in-patient systems for devolved, tertiary provincial hospitals. (Provincial hospital in-patient system (PROV-HIS), 1999) In developing the system, the proponents were guided by theories acquired in the course of their study in the university. Tools such as systems design and analysis, knowledge on database management, normalization and creation, software engineering methodologies, human-computer interaction theories and information systems concepts were benefited by the system developers. Reading materials, internet information and direct user contact made the study flourish into what is now. The study concludes that the developed system is now utilizing hospital data with great accuracy and  efficiency with the use of non-redundant processes and less error-prone activities compared to the existing system. PROV-HIS has also proven itself worthy to be called a hospital information system because it is record-management oriented, the primary criterion for hospital information (Note: there are many ways for citation, please study and search about it [the red ink above indicates my citation for this work ])

Henry V: Ideal Christian King and Royal Bearing Essay

In King Henry V, King Henry is a man of Christian values and a solid foundation of moral principles. Through careful analysis of the entire play, one is able to confirm that he conducts himself with royal bearing. King Henry is â€Å"no tyrant but a Christian king† who is â€Å"a true lover of the Holy Church†. This highlights the idea that King Henry is of royal bearing as he acts in accordance with good Christian values. He questions whether he â€Å"may [†¦ ] with right and conscience make [a] claim to the throne of France†. Surely a man who only takes what he believes belongs to him is of an elevated moral standing and Christian divinity. King Henry says to his men at Harfleur that â€Å"[I]n peace there’s nothing so becomes a man as modest stillness and humility†. A ruler who practices and preaches such Christian values conducts himself with royal bearing. King Henry insists that â€Å"[he] would have all such offenders cut off† when news of Bardolph’s inexcusable crime reaches him. Executing a soldier and countrymen is no pleasant task. However, King Henry once again clearly demonstrates royal bearing and acts according to strong Christian values when making a decision regarding Bardolph. When [King Henry] speaks, [†¦ ] the mute wonder lurketh in men’s ears to steal his sweet and honeyed sentences†. He inspires his men at Harfleur to â€Å"imitate the action of the tiger [and] conjure up the blood†. Only a man of royal bearing preaching Christian values can arouse such patriotism in the hearts and minds of his followers. King Henry makes several references to God to ensure that he â€Å"delivers [his] puissance unto God†. He strongly believes in the idea that â€Å"God [is] before [†¦ ] and beside him in all his action†. Everything â€Å"lies [†¦ within the will of God†. These open references to God establish King Henry’s character as one of Christian spirituality and royal bearing. King Henry believes that â€Å"if you will France win, then first with Scotland begin†. He refuses to go to war with France unless England and its people are protected in his absence. Once again, King Henry proves he is of royal bearing. Therefore, through carefull analysis of the entire play, one is able to confirm that King Henry is a Christian king who conducts himself with royal bearing.

The Suffix -esque and the Like

The Suffix -esque and the Like The Suffix â€Å"-esque† and the Like The Suffix â€Å"-esque† and the Like By Mark Nichol The suffix -esque, one of a class of what are called adjectival suffixes, is adopted from the French version of the Italian suffix -esco, related to the standard English adjectival suffix -ish, and all of them mean like, or â€Å"related to† or â€Å"characteristic of†; -esque is more specialized, while -ish has additional senses. The French form is attached to common nouns, as in, for example, the words grotesque and statuesque, as well as to proper nouns such as Kafkaesque, denoting a style similar to an artistic oeuvre, or Chaplinesque, referring to one resembling that of a person or a persona. Note that the suffix is almost invariably closed, without a hyphen; the only exception I can think of is when the last letter of the root word is an e, as in Klee-esque. But the more important issue is to avoid impulsive creation of new appellations. Well-worn examples have earned their place by repetition based on widespread and lasting influence; a neologism like Snookiesque, for example, should be employed only with tongue in cheek. (And if you don’t recognize the basis of this coinage, such good fortune on your part demonstrates my point.) The simple appendage -like closed unless the preceding letter is a vowel or the root word is a proper noun will do. The Germanic equivalent -ish is used more prolifically and promiscuously; it can also indicate origin or classification (English), an inclination or disposition (bookish, impish), a degree or trace of some quality (blueish, darkish), or an approximation (fiftyish). Sometimes, it’s part of a standing term; for example, selfish, though it is a compound of self and ish, doesn’t carry an immediate association with the root word self. Like -esque, -ish is seldom attached to a root word with a hyphen. The adjectival suffix -ese also serves both common and proper nouns (academese, Japanese); the former usage invariably refers to a type of jargon and is usually pejorative, with a connotation of obtuseness or pretension, whereas the latter usage is neutral unless placed in a derogatory context. The form -ian signals disposition (contrarian), occupation (librarian), adherence to a philosophy (libertarian), or language or regional or national origin (Russian); the variation -an is common (vegan, publican, republican, Tuscan). Meanwhile, -ic indicates a characteristic (basic) or a linguistic, cultural, or other sociological category (Gothic). Two other forms, -hood (adulthood), and -ness (happiness), may be attached to proper nouns as well as common ones (Buddhahood, Englishness), but such exceptions are rare and in the case of capitalized terms ending in -ness are restricted to references to cultural identity. (One exception: Jocular references to someone embodying the essence of another person, as with Hasselfhoffness.) Many other adjectival suffixes, mostly meaning â€Å"state of,† exist, but they are seldom if ever associated with proper nouns. These forms include the following: -ability (reliability) -ia (nostalgia) -ibility (invisibility) -icity (electricity) -itas (gravitas) -itude (gratitude) -ity (gravity) -ose (morose) -osity (porosity) -ous (generous) -ship (hardship) -th (death) Which suffix to apply depends partly on the construction of the root word and partly on tradition. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Inquire vs EnquireThe Letter "Z" Will Be Removed from the English AlphabetApostrophe with Plural Possessive Nouns

buy custom Education Revolution essay

buy custom Education Revolution essay Education is one of the important processes in human life that people tend to through so as to pasue their long term dreams. In todays world, education is believed to be the power for it is the process that makes good men out of nothing. The world can only come into civilization with education of which without it, all the activities taking place in the world can stagnate as there are no educated and skilled personnel to manage them. In the American history Education is recognized as a very important process as they also believe that it is through education that their country or states can gain political social and economical stability. This made education to be referred to as the power due to the fact that it forms the basis of any good thing in the American history. Due to this significance that education has to the lives of people, very many strategies have been put forward to boost this process so as to continue serving many people. This paper mainly focuses on the history of the American and how the reacted to education since the colonial period to date. Due to the fact that education is power as many people placed it, it is believed to enhance peace of mind and thought. Not to forget is the expansion of the mind that in turn enables one to think and make correct decisions in life so as to make his or her life comfortable. During the colonial period, the whites were threatened by this thing called education for they believed that they would loose control over their slaves after they had fully got some bit of education. The also believed that the slaves would have their own perspective and way of approaching life. To them education was a very dangerous weapon that could enable the slaves to finally overpower them. This made the white to block the process of education for some time in America and any other region of which they controlled. The did not want the blacks to get even a d\single hint of education hence subjected them to some kind of hush treatments that could not create chance or allow room for education.. In the history of the Americans, education is said to have been dominated by various groups of people who were bound by social relationships. There came a time in the History of the Americans that slaves could get some little privilege of expressing themselves from the spport of education. An educated slave could distinguish what was wrong and right for him or herself hence could find alternative ways of withdrawing him or herself from the bondage of slavery. Though they tried to get educated but they could not still fully manage it as they got a lot of pressure from their masters who were against their education. Not all the whites were against the slaves education but only to a few who felt they could be left with a huge gap to fill especially when it came to the fulfillment of their desires. Some of the whites wanted to achieve some of their set targets and objectives through the slaves. Though some wanted the slaves to be free, there were still some problems that they though woul d arise due to the fact that most of the slaves were blacks and they thought that the literacy of the blacks would make some proof to slavery as the master mainly benefited from the services offered buy their slaves. As far as this matter of slave education was concerned, a sound warning was passed by South Carolina in the year 1770 targeted those white who engaged the black slaves in the education system. The warning that was passed prevented the black slaves from learning as anyone white who could be seen to have involved in such an act, was to face a sever punishment that gave him or her an option of paying a given amount of dollars. Due to this stern warning issued by Southern Carolina, the slaves and other whites who were not impressed by the issue of slavery, involved in this act at night or in secret places where these whites could teach some of the slaves how to read and write. The wives of their masters also offered some little support to the in terms of education but not fully. The children of the slaves could also sneak to various places of secrecy such as churches where they could learn how to read and write. This is how some of the slaves who managed to bring freedom to their race ma de it in terms of education. After some time or a given duration of time from the time the Southern Carolina issued a warning, many schools in the southern states of America ceased from admitting black children as they were afraid of the policies that governed the warning. The only way these children were to learn was through some religious institutions that also had an aim of divert their beliefs of the slaves to in terms of religion. It is through religion that many blacks managed to get some bits of knowledge for they were given the opportunity to learn how to read and write so as to understand more about religion. In religious institutions the blacks were safe as they had no pressure from any side. This is so because religion tends to operate on its own and had its own policies and regulations that governed it. It became very difficult to do criticize or punish religious organization because it consisted on very many members that became very difficult to punish. Very many white teachers were punished due to matters pertaining to the blacks education making various learning institutions involve in a forced act of racial discrimination. Learning itself from all these experiences can be said to have come a long way though it is still not fully set in some of the developing countries in the world. Education started long time ago even if nobody had realized that it existed. It started as an informally in various societies where children were only taught the basics of life and how they could go about them. This applied to both the white and black societies as it is the general basis of education in the present world. The first people to be educated or to know more about education were the whites who in turn used the little knowledge they had gained to take control over some countries in the world. It is also from the white that other countries or states in the world came to learn more about education. As per them, learning did not have a difficult beginning as they had free time and no pressure attached to their learning systems. The problem only began with other races where they could not allow them to get free education having fear that they might at one time overpower them. America as a state that combines all races together came to get basic education from various religious institutions. Education in todays world has really revolutionized making to favor all. It has been going some changes and improvements over the last centuries and has today reached a level where it can go hand in hand with technology. It began informally and has today advanced to high levels that is very important to the economies of every country in the world. Buy custom Education Revolution essay

Looking at the political development of the region, what is the role Research Paper

Looking at the political development of the region, what is the role and importance of multilateral organizations such as ASEAN - Research Paper Example This was true for all irrespective of the form of rule be it monarchy, communism, military rule or democracy. ASEAN policy of constructive intervention has led to increased participation of all the countries, including Myanmar, in the regional affairs. Establishment of AFTA (ASEAN Free Trade Area) has led to increased free trade in the region. However, AFTA is not as strong and consolidated as EU and needs further intensification. Currently ASEAN holds around 200 meetings annually2 for increasing the economic prospects within and outside the region. Even China, which is busy setting up several military base stations in within and outside the ASEAN region, is exploring every possibility to increase in trade and investment openness among other countries. However, there is a need to make the Treaty of Amity and Co-operation in Southeast Asia sharper for economic well-being of the member countries. With US biggest consumer and China the biggest producer, there will always be economic int er-dependence in the Asia Pacific region. Hence APEC could not have been only a consultative forum. All the countries in the association have adhered to an open multiparty system of trading. Though APEC includes economically stronger countries like U.S., Australia, New Zealand and Canada, ASEAN countries in the ASEAN-APEC group are definitely going to have competitive advantage over the others.

Ethan frome Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ethan frome - Essay Example This problem is evident in the character of Ethan in the movie. He is vocal about his feelings in the movie as compared to the book. He rarely interacts with Mattie in the novel, but in the movie, their style of conversation is active and noticeable. The kitchen scene is the key to understand this difference. In the movie, from the beginning Ethan is quite vocal and expressive about his feelings to Mattie but in the book there exists a studied silence between the two. The other incidental difference in the kitchen scene is, in the movie the cat breaks Zeena’s dish; in the book Mattie breaks it. In the movie the character of Ethan is not as pivotal as it is in the book. In the book, the beginning and end are constructed from the point of view of the narrator, and Ethan’s actions figure prominently and his view on life pervades through the story. In the first scene in the movie the narrator arrives at Starkfield as a Minister and sees Ethan in the train station; in the book the story begins in a post office and Ethan picks up a package; there is no Minister in the book. Ethan is an entirely different personality in the movie. His communication with Mattie is shown in a different wavelength as compared to the book. His disposition with the people of Starkfield is also different. About the interaction of the people with Ethan Edith Wharton writes, â€Å"Everyone in Starkfield knew him and gave him a greeting tempered to his own grave mien; but his taciturnity was respected and it was only on rare occasions that one of the older men of the place detained him for a word.†(5)He prefers silence with them as per the depiction of his personality in the book, and in the movie he is quite vocal expressing his opinions with the bystanders who look upon him with curiosity kindled. The support to Ethan comes from different point of views in the novel